How has gender inequality been explained (Answer with reference to a Essay

How has gender inequality been explained (Answer with reference to a range of theories and approaches) Critically assess the at - Essay Example It is from the conflict school that feminism emerged. Feminist movements seek to address the â€Å"oppression† of women. Actually, there are also articulations that describe an interaction among class, race, and gender but, unfortunately, this is not covered by this write-up. Moreover, there are ecofeminists that are radical as well as environmental but this is also not covered by this report. II. Perspective on Gender Inequality: Theories and Approaches Macionis and Plummer (2008, pp. 615-616) pointed out that functionalist perspectives on sociology describe gender inequality as fulfilling a function of set of functions in society. They cited, for instance, that a leading functionalist sociologist, Talcott Parsons, pointed out that â€Å"the family operates most efficiently with a clear-cut division of labour in which the females act in expressive roles, providing care and security to children and offering them emotional support† (Macionis and Plummer 2008, p. 615). Fo r Parsons, male on the other hand perform instrumental roles or those related to breadwinning in the family (Macionis and Plummer 2008, p. 615). John Bowlby, another functionalist sociologist emphasized the role of the mother is in the primary socialization of the children (Macionis and Plummer 2008, p. 615). Macionis and Plummer (2008, p. ... According to Macionis and Plummer (2008, p. 617), radical feminists vary in perspectives but â€Å"most agree that it involves the appropriation of women’s bodies and sexuality in some form†. For instance, the usual conceptions of beauty and sexuality are supposedly impositions on women by men at the latter create or construct a particular notion of what is feminine and impose it on society. Beasley (1999, p. 51-64) pointed out that there are several types of feminism: liberal, radical, Marxist/socialist, and socialist feminism. According to Beasley, liberal feminism is the more popular form of feminism (p. 51). Beasley (1999, p. 51) described that this form of feminism is the â€Å"moderate† or the â€Å"mainstream† form of feminism. In the liberal feminism, the explanation for gender inequality is described in terms of unequal rights or â€Å"artificial barriers† to women’s participation in the political or decision-making process. In the l iberal feminist thought, there is an emphasis on mainstreaming or putting the feminist agenda for equal rights on the legal, political and institutional fronts (Beasley 1999, p. 51). According to Beasley (1999, p. 51), the position of liberal feminists is that women should â€Å"compete in the public marketplace† (Beasley 1999, p. 51). For liberal feminists, equality of women with men in the public arena is the core of the liberal feminist agenda (Beasley 1999, p. 52). The liberal feminists hold that men and women are the same and, thus, have equal rights (Beasley 1999, p. 52). Liberal feminists emphasized on reform rather than change via a revolution (Beasley 1999, p. 52). In Beasley’s words (1999, p. 52), liberal feminists â€Å"want what

Taoism Religion Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Taoism Religion - Research Paper Example Taoism is a religion that was first practiced in China. Taoism originates from the word Tao, a Chinese word for ‘The way’. Hence, many Chinese citizens believe that by practicing Taoism their lives will not only be peaceful but they will also have lives that are effective and harmonious. The Taoism religion claims that people who resist following ‘the way’ normally live lifestyles that are full of chaos and disaster. The Taoism religion has been in existence for a long period to the extent that it is no longer easy to trace the exact period that this religion was initiated. The reason it is difficult to trace the period Taoism came into existence is because of the religion’s varied and complex roots. According to Fowler, Taoism is a religion that is multi-faced, that is, just like any other religion it has its unique as well as blurred sectarian characteristics. What makes the Taoism religion different from the rest is the numerous beliefs that this religion practices and adheres. For example, the people practicing Taoism believe in the existence of immortality, that is spiritual immortality exists and hence can be attained. In the religion of Taoism, although there are different ways of achieving immortality, the most common are through prayers and observing one’s deities (Lebron 439). The main reason Taoists observe their deities is usually in a move to nourish their bodies; by nourishing the body Taoists believe that this reduces old age as well as diseases and death. Similarly, Taoists also believe that everything on earth is not only transient but also temporary, that is, they are prone to decay.